Lung cancer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Lung cancer | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 3D volume rendering of a thorax CT showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) | |
| ICD-10 | C33-C34 |
| ICD-9 | 162 |
| DiseasesDB | 7616 |
| MedlinePlus | 007194 |
| eMedicine | med/1333 med/1336emerg/335 radio/807radio/405 radio/406 |
| MeSH | D002283 |
Lung cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of thelung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung in a process calledmetastasis into nearby tissue and, eventually, into other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The most common cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.[1]Nonsmokers account for 15% of lung cancer cases,[2] and these cases are often attributed to a combination of genetic factors,[3] radon gas,[3] asbestos,[4] and air pollution[3] including secondhand smoke.[5][6]
The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss and shortness of breath.[7] Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiograph andcomputed tomography (CT scan). The diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy.[8] This is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy. Treatment and prognosisdepend on the histological type of cancer, the stage (degree of spread), and the patient's general wellbeing, measured by performance status. Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery, whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.[9]
Survival depends on stage, overall health, and other factors. Overall, 15% of people in the United States diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years after the diagnosis.[10]Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women, and is responsible for 1.38 million deaths annually, as of 2008.[11]
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